About Horses

Mongolian Horses: The Backbone of a Nomadic Nation

Mongolian horses, known as “Mongol Aduu,” are an iconic symbol of Mongolia’s rich history, culture, and nomadic way of life. They are more than just animals; they are partners, warriors, and an essential part of Mongolian heritage. Renowned for their resilience, endurance, and connection to Mongolia's history, these small but mighty horses have played a crucial role in shaping the nation.

1. Characteristics of Mongolian Horses

Mongolian horses are distinct from modern breeds due to their natural, wild traits and adaptability to harsh climates.

• Size and Build: They are small and stocky, standing about 12-14 hands high (around 120-140 cm) at the shoulder. Despite their size, they are incredibly strong and durable.

• Hardiness: These horses thrive in Mongolia’s extreme conditions, enduring temperatures ranging from -40°C in winter to +40°C in summer.

• Self-Sufficiency: Mongolian horses graze year-round, even digging through snow to find grass. They are independent and require minimal human intervention.

• Longevity: They live long lives and can remain useful for work or riding well into their late teens or twenties.

2. Role in Nomadic Life

Horses are indispensable to Mongolia’s nomads, serving practical, cultural, and spiritual roles.

• Transportation: Horses are the primary mode of transport across Mongolia's vast steppes.

• Herding: Nomads use horses to round up livestock, including sheep, goats, and cattle.

• Milk Production: Mare’s milk is fermented into airag, a national beverage enjoyed during festivals and daily life.

• Companionship: Horses are considered part of the family and are treated with respect and care.

Fun Fact: There are more horses than people in Mongolia, with an estimated 4 million horses compared to a population of 3.4 million!

3. Historical Significance

Mongolian horses have been central to the nation’s history and military success, especially during the era of the Mongol Empire.

• Chinggis Khan’s Empire: The Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire in history, was built on the backs of these sturdy horses. Mongol warriors were known to ride up to 160 km (100 miles) a day, switching horses to maintain speed and stamina.

• Tactics in Battle: Mongolian horses were critical in warfare. Warriors could shoot arrows while galloping, and their horses' endurance allowed them to outmaneuver enemies.

Historical Insight: It is said that Mongol warriors would sometimes drink their horses’ blood to survive during long campaigns, showcasing the deep bond and reliance between rider and horse.

4. Spiritual Connection

Mongolians hold a deep spiritual connection with their horses.

• Shamanistic Beliefs: Horses are believed to carry the spirits of their riders to the afterlife. The spirit horse is an important figure in Mongolian Shamanism.

• Songs and Poetry: Horses are celebrated in Mongolian songs, legends, and proverbs, symbolizing freedom, strength, and loyalty.

• The Morin Khuur: The horsehead fiddle, Mongolia’s national instrument, is inspired by horses and features a carved horse head at the top of the instrument.

5. Mongolian Horse Racing

Horse racing is a cherished tradition, particularly during the Naadam Festival, Mongolia’s biggest cultural event.

• Long-Distance Races: Unlike Western-style races, Mongolian horse races cover vast distances, ranging from 15 to 30 kilometers (9 to 18 miles), depending on the horse's age.

• Young Jockeys: Riders are often children between the ages of 5 and 12, as their lightweight enhances the horse's speed.

• Pre-Race Rituals: Horses are blessed, and riders sing songs to encourage good fortune and victory.

Custom: The focus of Mongolian horse racing is on the horse’s performance, not the jockey, making it a test of the animal’s endurance and training.

6. Horses in Modern Mongolia

Today, Mongolian horses remain integral to the country’s rural life, even as modern technologies become more widespread.

• Tourism: Many visitors experience Mongolia’s culture by horseback, exploring the vast steppe, mountains, and deserts.

• Preservation: Efforts are being made to preserve the traditional breed and its cultural importance, as motorized vehicles become more common.

7. Fun Facts About Mongolian Horses

• Wild Relatives: The endangered Przewalski’s horse, or Takhi, is native to Mongolia and is considered the last truly wild horse species.

• Communication: Mongolian horses are highly social and communicate through vocalizations, body language, and even facial expressions.

• Survival Skills: These horses can sense impending weather changes and instinctively seek shelter.

8. Experiencing Mongolian Horses as a Visitor

For travelers, interacting with Mongolian horses is one of the most authentic ways to connect with the country’s nomadic culture.

• Horse Trekking: Explore Mongolia’s diverse landscapes, such as the Orkhon Valley, Altai Mountains, or Gobi Desert, on horseback.

• Cultural Festivals: Attend events like the Golden Eagle Festival or Naadam to witness horse-related traditions.

• Learn from Nomads: Stay with nomadic families to understand how they care for and train their horses.

Mongolian horses are more than just animals—they are a symbol of the nation’s history, culture, and enduring spirit. Their resilience and integral role in the lives of Mongolians make them a living legacy of Mongolia’s nomadic past and present. Whether through horseback adventures or learning about their historical significance, discovering the world of Mongolian horses is a journey into the heart of Mongolia’s soul.